![]() ![]() Egg-based production has remained the standard method to produce seasonal influenza vaccines since the 1950s however, the serious threat of an outbreak of pandemic avian flu and the influenza H1N1 pandemic of 2009 have highlighted the limitations associated with this manufacturing method. Currently, vaccination remains the most proficient strategy to prevent infection and to battle the persistent threat of influenza epidemics. This study highlights key production hurdles that must be overcome in both expression platforms, namely the presence of contaminants and the ensuing quantification challenges, and brings up the question of what truly constitutes an influenza VLP candidate vaccine.Īs reported by the World Health Organization, seasonal influenza is responsible for approximately 500 million cases of infection and between 250,000 to 500,000 deaths each year. However, Sf9 VLP samples contained 20 times more baculovirus than VLPs, whereas 293 VLPs were produced along with vesicles. Sf9-VLPs had higher total HA activity and were generally more homogeneous in morphology and size. Sf9 cells produced 35 times more VLPs than HEK293 cells. Resultsįor the HEK293 production system, VLPs were found to be associated with the cell pellet in addition to those released in the supernatant. VLPs from both systems were characterized using available influenza quantification techniques, such as single radial immunodiffusion assay (SRID), HA assay, western blot and negative staining transmission electron microscopy (NSTEM) to quantify total particles. ![]() The proposed systems were assessed for their ability to produce influenza VLPs composed of Hemagglutinin (HA), Neuraminidase (NA) and Matrix Protein (M1) and compared through the lens of bioprocessing by highlighting baseline production yields and bioactivity. In this study, VLPs were produced in HEK293 suspension cells using the Bacmam transduction system and Sf9 cells using the baculovirus infection system. Virus-like particles (VLPs) of influenza virus are promising candidate vaccines under consideration by both academic and industry researchers. Cell culture produced vaccines have been proposed for their potential to overcome the problems associated with egg-based production. This manufacturing system, however, is limited in its production capacity. The majority of influenza vaccines on the market are produced in embryonic hen’s eggs and are composed of purified viral antigens from inactivated whole virus. Although anti-viral therapies exist, the most proficient way to stop the spread of disease is through vaccination. ![]() Due to the virus’ fast mutation rate, the World Health Organization (WHO) is constantly on alert to rapidly respond to emerging pandemic strains. Each year, influenza is responsible for hundreds of thousand cases of illness and deaths worldwide. ![]()
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